You can now explore the highest-res map of Mars ever made

If you printed it out, it would be larger than the Rose Bowl stadium.
Sign up for the Freethink Weekly newsletter!
A collection of our favorite stories straight to your inbox

Using 110,000 images from NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), researchers at Caltech have created an interactive map of Mars that lets anyone explore the surface of the Red Planet in unprecedented detail.

“For 17 years, MRO has been revealing Mars to us as no one had seen it before,” said Rich Zurek, leader of the MRO project at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. “This mosaic is a wonderful new way to explore some of the imagery that we’ve collected.”

“The goal is to lower the barriers for people who are interested in exploring Mars.”

Jay Dickson

The upgrade: To create the NASA-funded map, the Caltech team downloaded images from MRO’s Context Camera (CTX) and then developed an algorithm capable of matching images based on the features in them — the process was similar to putting together a jigsaw puzzle.

“This is nondestructive processing,” said project leader Jay Dickson. “We’re not blurring lines to smooth out boundaries; we’re finding the best possible line to join two images.” 

While the algorithm was able to handle most of the 110,000 CTX images, about 13,000 had to be stitched together manually — that painstaking process was completed over the course of three years.

On the left is a closeup of the surface of Mars. On the right in the same area  broken into segments to show what images were used to create the whole.
The image on the right shows how the CTX images were stitched together to create the interactive map. Credit: NASA / JPL-Caltech / MSSS
The image on the right shows how the CTX images were stitched together to create the interactive map. Credit: NASA / JPL-Caltech / MSSS

The finished product, formally known as the Global CTX Mosaic of Mars, covers 99.5% of the surface of Mars, and each of its 5.7 trillion pixels corresponds to 25 square meters of land.

While there are more detailed maps of parts of the Red Planet, the highest-resolution global map of Mars prior to this one was at a scale of 10,000 square meters per pixel — that means this is a 20-fold increase in resolution.

If you were to print out the new map at 300 dpi — the standard resolution for printing — it would be big enough to cover the entire Rose Bowl stadium in California, according to Caltech

On the map: Anyone visiting the interactive map can choose to scroll across the surface of Mars, zooming in on whatever features catch their eye, or they can click on links that will take them to notable features, such as Olympus Mons or the locations of NASA’s Mars rovers.

A screenshot of the new interactive map of Mars with links to notable locations
A screenshot of the new interactive map of Mars. Credit: NASA / JPL-Caltech / MSSS

In addition to providing entertainment, the new map of Mars is also useful for science — a beta version released in 2018 has been cited in more than 100 peer-reviewed scientific papers. 

“I wanted something that would be accessible to everyone,” said Dickson. “Schoolchildren can use this now. My mother, who just turned 78, can use this now. The goal is to lower the barriers for people who are interested in exploring Mars.”

We’d love to hear from you! If you have a comment about this article or if you have a tip for a future Freethink story, please email us at [email protected].

Related
T-Minus: Counting down 10 upcoming moon missions
A countdown of 10 upcoming moon missions, all leading up to the one expected to return NASA astronauts to the lunar surface.
T-Minus: How to not die on (the way to) Mars
A breakdown of the five biggest threats to future Mars astronauts and what NASA scientists are doing to overcome each one.
Life on Mars, together
Researchers spent two weeks at the Mars Desert Research Station conducting an analog mission for potential future trips to Mars.
T-Minus: New SpaceX fashion, a Mars mystery, and more
Freethink counts down the biggest space news, featuring new spacesuits, a mission to the dark side of the moon, and more.
Boeing’s Starliner spacecraft was set to launch on May 6 — but was delayed again
Boeing’s Starliner launch – delayed again – will be an important milestone for commercial spaceflight if it can manage to launch.
Up Next
an illustration of astronauts floating with paper money
Subscribe to Freethink for more great stories