Pest-resistant tomatoes finally available after 30-year wait

These seeds could help end our reliance on harmful pesticides.

A tenacious plant breeder has developed more than a dozen new lines of naturally pest-resistant tomatoes — foreshadowing a future in which farmers won’t need to rely on pesticides to protect their crops.

The challenge: Farming is a risky business — just one late frost, pest infestation, or extreme weather event can decimate a crop, evaporating a farmer’s profits.

While they can’t do anything about the weather, farmers can protect their crops from pests by spraying them with chemicals that kill the buggers — but those pesticides can also kill off-target species, contaminate soil and waterways, and sometimes threaten farmers’ health.

What’s new? More than 30 years ago, Martha Mutschler-Chu, a plant breeder and geneticist at Cornell University, set out to develop a tomato that would be naturally pest-resistant, minimizing or even eliminating the need for pesticide sprays.

She’s now just a couple of months away from wrapping up the project and giving seed companies access to 20 elite lines of naturally pest-resistant tomatoes.

How it works: Insects can damage tomatoes directly by their eating leaves and fruit, but if the insect is carrying a virus, it can also infect the plant with the virus, causing even worse damage. However, a variety of tomato native to Peru, Solanum pennellii, doesn’t have this problem.

The Peruvian variety excretes droplets of sugar compounds, called “acylsugars,” from tiny hairs on its surface. When insects land on the plant, the acylsugars cause them to start grooming themselves excessively and quickly fly away rather than feeding.

Pesticides can kill off-target species, contaminate soil and waterways, and sometimes threaten farmers’ health.

S. pennellii isn’t tasty, though, so Mutschler-Chu and her colleagues set out to find the genes responsible for the production of acylsugars in the wild plant and breed them into a type of tomato people like to eat.

The lines she is now preparing to make accessible to seed companies contain just 2.5% of the wild tomatoes’ DNA, so they don’t have its undesirable flavor and other negative traits, such as small fruit and too many branches. They do, however, ward off a variety of insect species.

Looking ahead: Once seed companies have access to Mutschler-Chu’s elite lines, they’ll need to cross breed the plants with their own varieties of tomatoes — that process could take up to five years, so we won’t be seeing the tomatoes in stores for a short while yet.

However, because Mutschler-Chu used traditional breeding techniques to create the pest-resistant tomatoes — rather than modifying them with genes from other species — they won’t need to go through the lengthy regulatory approval process for GMOs, and, when the fruits do hit the produce aisle, they could be more quickly accepted by consumers. 

“[T]his would not be considered something different than what we’ve been doing in processing tomatoes in a commercial, professional research way for at least the last 70 years,” said Zach Bagley, managing director of the California Tomato Research Institute, which helped fund Mutschler-Chu’s research.

We’d love to hear from you! If you have a comment about this article or if you have a tip for a future Freethink story, please email us at [email protected].

Related
Reducing pesticide use while increasing effectiveness
AgZen has developed a system for farming that can monitor exactly how much of the sprayed chemicals adheres to plants, in real time.
The hunger-boredom paradigm explained by scientists
True hunger builds gradually and can be satisfied by any source of food, but emotional eating (including eating out of boredom) is insatiable.
World’s first GM banana approved in Australia
Australian regulators have approved a GM banana modified to resist Panama Disease, a devastating fungal infection.
How marine permaculture could revolutionize ocean farming
Marine permaculture could contribute to ecosystem restoration and pollution reduction, as well as empower local communities.
How potatoes can keep an eye on nuclear radiation
Plants scientists are researching how fields of genetically modified potato plants could detect radiation.
Up Next
Subscribe to Freethink for more great stories